Special Article The Historical Evolution of Illness Perceptions in Japan under Sinographic Cultural Influence
This study examines concepts of illness and epidemics within the East Asian Sinographic cultural sphere, focusing on the influence of ancient Chinese beliefs on Japan. In ancient China, diseases were attributed to Gui (malevolent spirits) attaching to or invading the body, a view reflected in the structure of Chinese characters. For example, the oracle bone script for “疫” (epidemic) seemingly depicts a scene in which a stick-like implement is used to expel Gui afflicting a patient. The author terms this concept “Spirit-Centered Etiology.” This perspective, conveyed through Chinese characters and literature, also influenced Japan. The paper explores: (1) Qi-Centered Etiology from Yin-Yang and Five Elements theory; (2) Spirit-Centered Etiology; (3) textual evidence of Spirit-Centered Etiology; and (4) the link between Nuo rituals and Fangxiangshi (exorcists). Given the context of presenting this paper in Taiwan, the author has intentionally included content that is widely recognized in Japan. While Chinese medicine transitioned from the “Spirit-Centered Etiology” to the “Qi-Centered Etiology,” spirit-based beliefs persist in religious and cultural practices, influencing Japanese rituals like Tsuina and the Gion Matsuri.
Page：
1-38
Keywords：
Sinographic Cultural Sphere, epdemic (yi), spirit-centered etiology
BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CHINESE LITERATURE NATIONAL CHENGCHI UNIVERSITY NO.42
